View source for Fallenchungus Wiki:Citation templates

{{short description|Wikimedia guide on citation templates}}
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{{Self reference|See also: [[Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup#Verifiability and sources|WP:Template messages/Cleanup/Verifiability and sources]] for cleanup request templates, such as "citation needed" and many more.}}
{{See also|Wikipedia:Citation tools|Wikipedia:Template index/Sources of articles/Citation quick reference}}
{{Wikipedia how-to|WP:CITET|WP:CIT|WP:CT}}
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'''Citation templates''' are used to format citations in a consistent way, as an alternative to formatting the citations by hand. The use of citation templates is neither encouraged nor discouraged. Templates may be used or removed at the discretion of individual editors, subject to agreement with other editors on the article. '''Because templates can be contentious, editors should not add citation templates, or change an article with a consistent citation format to another, without gaining consensus'''; see [[WP:CITECONSENSUS]] and [[WP:CITEVAR]]. The various citation templates may be freely mixed, since they all produce a similar format.

[[WP:DUPLINK]] and [[WP:OVERLINK]] do not apply to citations. It is expected that a reference citation includes wikilinks to the relevant article for the source, such as ''[[The New York Times]]'', rather than ''The New York Times''.

==Use in footnotes==
{{Further|Help:Footnotes}}
{{VE documentation}}
For a citation to appear in a footnote, it needs to be enclosed in "ref" tags. You can add these by typing {{tag|ref|o}} at the front of the citation and {{tag|ref|c}} at the end. Alternatively you may notice above the edit box there is a row of "markup" formatting buttons which include a {{button|<charinsert><nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki></charinsert>}} button to the right—if you highlight your whole citation and then click this markup button, it will automatically enclose your ''citation'' in ref tags (i.e. {{tag|ref|content='''''citation'''''}}).

Note, if this is a new page or if there are not already references previously cited, it is necessary to create a section usually named "Notes" or "References" near the end of the page; see [[WP:FNNR]] and [[MOS:APPENDIX]] for more information on section names:

{{sxhl|2=wikitext|<nowiki>==Notes==
{{Reflist}}</nowiki>}}
''or''
<syntaxhighlight lang=wikitext>==Notes==
<references /></syntaxhighlight>

==Using the same footnote multiple times==
{{Further|WP:REFNAME}}
Add a name [[HTML#Attributes|attribute]] when creating a footnote {{tag|ref|params=name="name"|content=citation text}}. Thereafter, the footnote may be referenced by just using the following expression {{tag|ref|s|params=name="name"}}.

==Using multiple pages from the same source==
{{Further|Help:References and page numbers}}
When an article cites many different pages from the same source, there are two main methods of unifying them instead of copying a completely new citation. One method is {{sfnote}}, which automatically displays an entirely new reference listing in the References section per unique page citation. Another method is to use the template {{tl|rp}}, which appends any type of positional information (such as page numbers, chapter numbers, or audiovisual time code) directly to each given citation in the article body, which would result in text such as {{rp|2345}} appearing after a superscripted footnote number.

==Creating links to citations==
[[Wikipedia:Glossary#Wikilink|Wikilinks]] to citation templates can be created using the templates {{tl|harv}}, {{tl|harvnb}}, {{tl|harvtxt}}, {{tl|sfn}}, etc. For example, this "{{harvnb|Mumford|1999}}" links to a citation template below. This is of particular interest when using [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#Shortened footnotes|shortened footnotes]].<ref>[[Wikipedia:Citing sources#Parenthetical referencing|Parenthetical referencing]] may also use wikilinks to citation templates, but [[Special:PermanentLink/976895063#Deprecate parenthetical citations|inline parenthetical referencing was deprecated in September 2020]]. In contrast to parenthetical referencing or [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#Shortened footnotes|shortened footnotes]], citations using the [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#Footnotes|footnote system]] don't require [[Wikipedia:Glossary#Wikilink|wikilinks]] of course, as the inline citations in this method simply appear as numbers within the text, linking to a list of full citations (and notes) at the end of the article (like this).</ref> (See the [[#Harvard reference and shortened footnote examples|examples]] below or [[Wikipedia:Citing sources/Further considerations#Wikilinks to full references|wikilinks to full references]].)

==Using commas rather than periods==
{{tl|Citation}} creates a citation in the same format as most of the {{cs1}} templates, except that the periods (or full stops) are replaced with commas, and there is no final period or full stop. A complete list of templates that are mimicked by {{tl|citation}} can be found at {{tl|citation/core}}. The parameter {{para|mode}} can be used to alter the punctuation.

==Examples==
{{Category see also|Citation templates}}
Below are examples of how to use various [[Wikipedia:template|templates]] to cite a '''book''', '''encyclopedia''', '''journal''', '''website''', '''comic strip''', '''video''', '''editorial comics''', etc.
* '''For full description of a template''' and the parameters which can be used with it—'''click the template name''' (e.g. {{tl|Citation}} or {{cite xxx}}) in the "'''template'''" column of the table below.
* '''Required''' field(s) are indicated in '''bold'''
* Copy and paste the text under "'''common usage'''" to use the template.
* Following each example is the resulting article text.

For a list of tools that can help create some of the templates below, see: [[Wikipedia:Citation tools]].

Citations are commonly embedded in reference templates. For more information, see: [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]].
{{Clear}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Source
! Template
! Common usage
! Examples
|-
<!--
********************************
 cite book
********************************
-->
|-
! rowspan=2 | book
| {{tl|cite book}}<br />'''title'''
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite book
| last = 
| first = 
| author-link = 
| title = 
| publisher = 
| series = 
| volume = 
| edition = 
| date = 
| location = 
| pages = 
| language = 
| url = 
| doi = 
| id = 
| isbn = 
| mr = 
| zbl = 
| jfm =}}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite book
| last = Mumford
| first = David
| author-link = David Mumford
| title = The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes
| publisher = [[Springer-Verlag]]
| series = Lecture Notes in Mathematics
| volume = 1358
| edition = 2nd expanded
| location = Berlin
| date = 1899
| page = 198
| doi = 10.1007/b62130
| isbn = 354063293X
| mr = 1748380
| zbl = 0945.14001}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite book
| last = Mumford
| first = David
| author-link = David Mumford
| title = The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes
| publisher = [[Springer-Verlag]]
| series = Lecture Notes in Mathematics
| volume = 1358
| edition = 2nd expanded
| location = Berlin
| date = 1999
| page = 198
| doi = 10.1007/b62130
| isbn = 354063293X
| mr = 1748380
| zbl = 0945.14001}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite book
| last1 = Cordell | first1 = Bruce R.
| first2 = Jeff | last2 = Grubb
| first3 =David | last3 = Noonan
| title = [[Manual of the Planes]]
| location = Berlin
| publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]]
| pages = 198–203
| date = September 2001
| isbn = 0-786918-50-0}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite book
| last1 = Cordell | first1 = Bruce R.
| first2 = Jeff | last2 = Grubb
| first3 =David | last3 = Noonan
| title = [[Manual of the Planes]]
| location = Berlin
| publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]]
| pages = 198–203
| date = September 2001
| isbn = 0-786918-50-0}}
|-
| {{tl|Citation}}
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{Citation
| last = 
| first = 
| author-link = 
| last2 = 
| first2 = 
| author-link2 = 
| title = 
| place = 
| publisher = 
| series = 
| volume = 
| orig-date = 
| year = 
| edition = 
| chapter = 
| chapter-url = 
| page = 
| pages = 
| language = 
| url = 
| archive-url = 
| archive-date = 
| doi = 
| id = 
| isbn = 
| mr = 
| zbl = 
| jfm = }}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{Citation
| last = Mumford | first = David
| author-link = David Mumford
| title = The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes
| place = Berlin
| publisher = [[Springer-Verlag]]
| series = Lecture Notes in Mathematics
| volume = 1358
| edition = 2nd expanded
| date = 1989
| page = 198
| doi = 10.1007/b62130
| isbn = 354063293X
| mr = 1748380
| zbl = 0945.14001}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{Citation
| last = Mumford | first = David
| author-link = David Mumford
| title = The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes
| place = Berlin
| publisher = [[Springer-Verlag]]
| series = Lecture Notes in Mathematics
| volume = 1358
| edition = 2nd expanded
| date = 1998
| page = 198
| doi = 10.1007/b62130
| isbn = 354063293X
| mr = 1748380
| zbl = 0945.14001}}

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{Citation
| last1 = Cordell | first1 = Bruce R.
| last2 = Grubb | first2 = Jeff
| last3 = Noonan | first3 = David
| title = [[Manual of the Planes]]
| place = Berlin
| publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]]
| pages = 198–203
| date = September 2001
| isbn = 0-786918-50-0}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{Citation
| last1 = Cordell | first1 = Bruce R.
| last2 = Grubb | first2 = Jeff
| last3 = Noonan | first3 = David
| title = [[Manual of the Planes]]
| place = Berlin
| publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]]
| pages = 198–203
| date = September 2001
| isbn = 0-786918-50-0}}
<!--
*******************************************************
 cite journal (or paper, thesis or dissertation)
*******************************************************
-->
|-
! rowspan=2 | journal<br />paper<br />thesis<br />dissertation<br />See also {{Tl|cite thesis}}
| {{tl|cite journal}}<br />'''title'''
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite journal
| last = 
| first = 
| author-link = 
| title = 
| journal = 
| volume = 
| issue = 
| pages = 
| publisher = 
| location = 
| date = 
| language = 
| url = 
| jstor = 
| issn = 
| doi = 
| id = 
| mr = 
| zbl = 
| jfm = 
| access-date = }}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite journal
| author-link = Stephen Brey...
| title = Copyright: A Rejo...
| journal = UCLA Law Review
| volume = 20
| pages = 75–83
| date = October 1972}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite journal
| last = Breyer
| first = Stephen
| author-link = Stephen Breyer
| title = Copyright: A Rejoinder
| journal = UCLA Law Review
| volume = 20
| pages = 75–83
| date = October 1972}}

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite journal
| last1 = Bailey | first1 = David H.
| author-link1 = David H. Bailey (mathematician)
| last2 = Borwein | first2 = Peter
| author-link2 = Peter Borwein
| last3 = Borwein | first3 = Jonathan M.
| author-link3 = Jonathan Borwein
| title = The Quest for Pi
| journal = Mathematical Intelligencer
| volume = 19
| issue = 1
| pages = 50–57
| publisher = Springer-Verlag
| location = Berlin
| date = 25 June 1997
| url = https://www.davidhbailey.com...
| issn =0343-6993
| doi = 10.1007/BF03024340
| mr = 1439159
| zbl = 0878.11002}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite journal
| last1 = Bailey | first1 = David H.
| author-link1 = David H. Bailey (mathematician)
| last2 = Borwein | first2 = Peter
| author-link2 = Peter Borwein
| last3 = Borwein | first3 = Jonathan M.
| author-link3 = Jonathan Borwein
| title = The Quest for Pi
| journal = Mathematical Intelligencer
| volume = 19
| issue = 1
| pages = 50–57
| publisher = Springer-Verlag
| location = Berlin
| date = 25 June 1997
| url = https://www.davidhbailey.com/dhbpapers/pi-quest.pdf
| issn =0343-6993
| doi = 10.1007/BF03024340
| mr = 1439159
| zbl = 0878.11002}}
|-
| {{tl|Citation}}<br />'''journal''' (or '''periodical''')
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{Citation
| last = 
| first = 
| author-link = 
| last2 = 
| first2 = 
| author-link2 = 
| title = 
| journal = 
| volume = 
| issue = 
| pages = 
| date = 
| orig-date = 
| year = 
| language = 
| url = 
| jstor = 
| archive-url = 
| archive-date = 
| doi = 
| id = 
| mr = 
| zbl = 
| jfm = }}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{Citation
| last = Breyer
| first = Stephen
| author-link = Stephen Bre...
| title = Copyright: A Rejo...
| journal = UCLA Law Review
| volume = 20
| pages = 75–83
| date = October 1972}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{Citation
| last = Breyer
| first = Stephen
| author-link = Stephen Breyer
| title = Copyright: A Rejoinder
| journal = UCLA Law Review
| volume = 20
| pages = 75–83
| date = October 1972}}

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{Citation
| last1 = Bailey | first1 = David H.
| author-link1 = David H. Bailey (mathematician)
| last2 = Borwein | first2 = Peter
| author-link2 = Peter Borwein
| last3 = Borwein | first3 = Jonathan M.
| author-link3 = Jonathan Borwein
| title = The Quest for Pi
| journal = Mathematical Intelligencer
| volume = 19
| issue = 1
| pages = 50–57
| publisher = Springer-Verlag
| location = Berlin
| date = 25 June 1997
| url = https://www.davidhbailey.com...
| issn =0343-6993
| doi = 10.1007/BF03024340
| mr = 1439159
| zbl = 0878.11002}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{Citation
| last1 = Bailey | first1 = David H.
| author-link1 = David H. Bailey (mathematician)
| last2 = Borwein | first2 = Peter
| author-link2 = Peter Borwein
| last3 = Borwein | first3 = Jonathan M.
| author-link3 = Jonathan Borwein
| title = The Quest for Pi
| journal = Mathematical Intelligencer
| volume = 19
| issue = 1
| pages = 50–57
| publisher = Springer-Verlag
| location = Berlin
| date = 25 June 1997
| url = https://www.davidhbailey.com/dhbpapers/pi-quest.pdf
| issn = 0343-6993
| doi = 10.1007/BF03024340
| mr = 1439159
| zbl = 0878.11002}}
<!--
****************************
 cite web
****************************
-->
|-
! rowspan = 2 | website
| {{tl|cite web}}<br />'''title'''<br />'''url'''
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<!-- Please synchronize this list with the corresponding one at the template page [[Template:Cite web]] -->
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite web
| url = 
| title = 
| last = 
| first = 
| date = 
| website = 
| publisher = 
| access-date = 
| quote = }}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite web
| last = Spiegel
| first = Rachel
| title = Research: Thalido...
| url = http://science-educat...
| access-date = 30 April 2006
| url-status=dead
| archive-url = http://web.archive...
| archive-date = 3 March 2006}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite web
| last = Spiegel
| first = Rachel
| title = Research in the News: Thalidomide
| website = 
| url = http://science-education.nih.gov/nihHTML/ose/snapshots/multimedia/ritn/Thalidomide/index.html
| access-date = 30 April 2006
| url-status=dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060303065356/http://science-education.nih.gov/nihHTML/ose/snapshots/multimedia/ritn/Thalidomide/index.html
| archive-date = 3 March 2006}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite web
| title = 
| url = 
| website = 
| date = 
| access-date = }}
</syntaxhighlight>
(Write date as one of the formats shown at [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Full date formatting|MOS:DATE]]; e.g. {{para|date|22 July 2009}} or {{para|date|July 22, 2009}}.)

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite web
| last = Hansen
| first = James E.
| author-link = James E. Hansen
| last2 = Ruedy | first2 = R.
| last3 = Sato | first3 = M.
| last4 = Lo | first4 = K.
| title = GISS Surface Temperature An...
| website = NASA.gov
| publisher = [[Goddard Institute for...
| date = December 15, 2005
| url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis...
| access-date = September 28, 2006}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite web
| last = Hansen
| first = James E.
| author-link = James Hansen
| last2 = Ruedy | first2 = R.
| last3 = Sato | first3 = M.
| last4 = Lo | first4 = K.
| title = GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation
| website = NASA.gov
| publisher = [[Goddard Institute for Space Studies|NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies]]
| date = December 15, 2005
| url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/2005/
| access-date = September 28, 2006}}
|-
| {{tl|Citation}}<br />'''title'''<br />'''url'''
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{Citation
| last = 
| first = 
| author-link = 
| last2 = 
| first2 = 
| author2-link = 
| title = 
| publisher = 
| date = 
| year = 
| url = 
| access-date = }}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{Citation
| last = Spiegel
| first = Rachel
| title = Research: Thalido...
| url=http://science-educat...
| access-date = 30 April 2006}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{Citation
| last = Spiegel
| first = Rachel
| title = Research in the News: Thalidomide
| url = http://science-education.nih.gov/nihHTML/ose/snapshots/multimedia/ritn/Thalidomide/index.html
| access-date = 30 April 2006}}

<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{Citation
| last1 = Hansen | first1 = James E.
| author1-link = James Hansen
| last2 = Ruedy | first2 = R.
| last3 = Sato | first3 = M.
| last4 = Lo | first4 = K.
| title = GISS Surface Temperature An...
| publisher = [[Goddard Institute for ...
| date = December 15, 2005
| url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis...
| access-date = September 28, 2006}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{Citation
| last1 = Hansen | first1 = James E.
| author1-link = James Hansen
| last2 = Ruedy | first2 = R.
| last3 = Sato | first3 = M.
| last4 = Lo | first4 = K.
| title = GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation
| publisher = [[Goddard Institute for Space Studies|NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies]]
| date = December 15, 2005
| url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/2005/
| access-date = September 28, 2006}}
<!--
****************************
 cite comic (comic book)
****************************
-->
|-
!comic book
| {{tl|cite comic}}<ref name="CiteComic">
Notes on {{tl|cite comic}}:
* This template allows for a cartoonist field to be used instead of the individual fields if there is a sole creator, as in ''[[Bone (comics)|Bone]]'', or an artist field if the penciller and inker is the same person.
* The style of this template is based on Allen Ellis' [https://comics.english.ufl.edu/comic-art-in-scholarly-writing-a-citation-guide/ Comic Art in Scholarly Writing: A Citation Guide], 1999.
* See the [[template talk:cite comic|template's talk page]] for more details and field explanations.
* This template requires either the "title" ''or'' "strip" parameter. Depending on which is used, the formatting will output a citation with either comic book or comic strip formatting respectively.
</ref>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite comic
| writer= 
| penciller= 
| inker= 
| story= 
| title= 
| volume= 
| issue= 
| date= 
| publisher= 
| page= 
| panel= }}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite comic
| writer=[[Stan Lee|Lee, Stan]]
| penciller=[[Jack Kirby|Kirby, Jack]]
| inker=[[Christopher Rule|Rule, Christopher]]
| story=The Fantastic Four!
| title=[[Fantastic Four|The Fantastic Four]]
| volume=1
| issue=1
| date=November 1961
| publisher=[[Marvel Comics]]
| page=3
| panel=2}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite comic
| writer=[[Stan Lee|Lee, Stan]]
| penciller=[[Jack Kirby|Kirby, Jack]]
| inker=[[Christopher Rule|Rule, Christopher]]
| story=The Fantastic Four!
| title=[[Fantastic Four|The Fantastic Four]]
| volume=1
| issue=1
| date=November 1961
| publisher=[[Marvel Comics]]
| page=3
| panel=2}}
<!--
****************************
 cite comic (strip)
****************************
-->
|-
!comic strip
| {{tl|cite comic}}<ref name="CiteComic"/>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite comic
| cartoonist= 
| strip= 
| paper= 
| location= 
| date= 
| supplement= 
| syndicate= 
| page= }}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite comic
| cartoonist=[[Milton Caniff|Caniff, Milton]]
| strip=[[Steve Canyon]]
| paper=Journal Herald
| location=Dayton, OH
| date=July 15, 1967
| supplement=Color Comics Supplement
| syndicate=Newspaper Syndicate
| page=1}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite comic
| cartoonist=[[Milton Caniff|Caniff, Milton]]
| strip=[[Steve Canyon]]
| paper=Journal Herald
| location=Dayton, OH
| date=July 15, 1967
| supplement=Color Comics Supplement
| syndicate=Newspaper Syndicate
| page=1}}
<!--
*****************************
 cite conference
*****************************
-->
|-
! rowspan=2 | conference<br />report<br />or paper
| {{tl|cite conference}}<br />'''title'''<br />'''book-title'''
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite conference
| last = 
| first = 
| author-link = 
| title = 
| book-title = 
| pages = 
| publisher = 
| date = 
| location = 
| url = 
| doi = 
| id = 
| access-date = }}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite conference
| last = Turk
| first = M.
| first2 = A.
| last2 = Pentland
| title = Face recognition ...
| book-title = Proc IEEE Con...
| place = Maui, Hawaii
| pages = 586–591
| date = 1991}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite conference
| last = Turk
| first = M.
| author-link = 
| first2 = A.
| last2 = Pentland
| title = Face recognition using eigenfaces
| book-title = Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
| place = Maui, Hawaii
| pages = 586–591
| date = 1991}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite conference
| last1 = Evans | first1 = N. R.
| last2 = Schaefer | first2 = G.
| last3 = Bond | first3 = H.
| last4 = Karovska | first4 = M.
| last5 = Nelan | first5 = E.
| last6 = Sasselov | first6 = D.
| title = Direct detection of the ...
| book-title = American Astronomical Society 207th ...
| publisher = AAS
| date = January 9, 2006
| url = http://www.aas.org/ ... 30.htm}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite conference
| last1 = Evans | first1 = N. R.
| last2 = Schaefer | first2 = G.
| last3 = Bond | first3 = H.
| last4 = Karovska | first4 = M.
| last5 = Nelan | first5 = E.
| last6 = Sasselov | first6 = D.
| title = Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope
| book-title = American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting
| publisher = AAS
| date = January 9, 2006
| url = http://www.aas.org/publications/baas/v37n4/aas207/1130.htm}}
|-
| {{tl|Citation}}<br />'''contribution'''<br />'''title'''
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{Citation
| last = 
| first = 
| author-link = 
| first2 = 
| last2 = 
| author-link2 = 
| editor-last = 
| editor-first = 
| editor-last2 = 
| editor-first2 = 
| contribution = 
| contribution-url = 
| series = 
| date = 
| pages = 
| place = 
| publisher = 
| url = 
| doi = 
| id = }}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{Citation
| last1 = Turk | first1 = M.
| last2 = Pet... | first2 = A.
| contribution = Face recog...
| title = Proc IEEE Confere...
| place = Maui, Hawaii
| pages = 586–591
| date = 1991}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{Citation
| last1 = Turk | first1 = M.
| last2 = Petland | first2 = A.
| contribution = Face recognition using eigenfaces
| title = Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
| place = Maui, Hawaii
| pages = 586–591
| date = 1991}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{Citation
| last1 = Evans | first1 = N. R.
| last2 = Schaefer | first2 = G.
| last3 = Bond | first3 = H.
| last4 = Karovska | first4 = M.
| last5 = Nelan | first5 = E.
| last6 = Sasselov | first6 = D.
| contribution = Direct detection of ...
| title = American Astronomical...
| publisher = AAS
| date = January 9, 2006
| contribution-url = http://...30.htm}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{Citation
| last1 = Evans | first1 = N. R.
| last2 = Schaefer | first2 = G.
| last3 = Bond | first3 = H.
| last4 = Karovska | first4 = M.
| last5 = Nelan | first5 = E.
| last6 = Sasselov | first6 = D.
| contribution = Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope
| title = American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting
| publisher = AAS
| date = January 9, 2006
| contribution-url = http://www.aas.org/publications/baas/v37n4/aas207/1130.htm}}
<!--
****************************
 cite court
****************************
-->
|-
! court case (legal decision)
| {{tl|Cite court}}
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite court
| litigants = 
| vol = 
| reporter = 
| opinion = 
| pinpoint = 
| court = 
| date = 
| url= }}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite court
| litigants=Roe v. Wade
| vol=410
| reporter=U.S.
| opinion=113
| date=1973
| url=https://www.law.corn...}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite court
| litigants=Roe v. Wade
| vol=410
| reporter=U.S.
| opinion=113
| date=1973
| url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/410/113}}
<!--
****************************
 cite encyclopedia, article in a collection
****************************
-->
|-
! rowspan=3 | dictionary,<br/>encyclopedia,<br/>other edited collection
| {{tl|cite dictionary}}<br />'''title'''<br />'''dictionary'''
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite dictionary
| title = 
| dictionary = 
| volume = 
| page = 
| publisher = 
| date = 
| id = 
| url =
| access-date = }}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite dictionary
| title = word, ''n''.&nbsp;...
| dictionary = American Dictionary ...
| editor-last = Webst...
| editor-first = Noah
| editor-link = Noah Webst...
| publisher = [[Meriam-Webster]]
| date = 1890 }}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite dictionary
| title = word, ''n''.
| dictionary = American Dictionary of the English Language
| editor-last = Webster
| editor-first = Noah
| editor-link = Noah Webster
| publisher = [[Meriam-Webster]]
| date = 1890}}
|-
| {{tl|cite encyclopedia}}<br />'''title'''<br />'''encyclopedia'''
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite encyclopedia
| title = 
| encyclopedia = 
| volume = 
| pages = 
| publisher = 
| date = 
| id = 
| url =
| access-date =}}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite encyclopedia
| title = Kirkegaard...
| encyclopedia = Grote Winkler Pri...
| editor-last = Winkler Pri...
| editor-first = Anthony
| editor-link = Anthony Win...
| volume = 9
| publisher = Elsevier
| date = 1882}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite encyclopedia
| title = Kirkegaard, Ole Lund
| encyclopedia = Grote Winkler Prins
| editor-last = Winkler Prins
| editor-first = Anthony
| editor-link = Anthony Winkler Prins
| volume = 9
| publisher = Elsevier
| date = 1882}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite encyclopedia
| last = Kramer
| first = Martin
| author-link = Martin Kramer
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Bernard Lewis
| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Hist...
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| location = London
| date = 1999
| url = }}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite encyclopedia
| last = Kramer
| first = Martin
| author-link = Martin Kramer
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Bernard Lewis
| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| location = London
| date = 1999
| url = }}
|-
| {{tl|Citation}}<br />'''contribution'''=name of article
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{Citation
| last = 
| first = 
| contribution = 
| date = 
| title = 
| editor-last = 
| editor-first = 
| volume = 
| pages = 
| place = 
| publisher = 
| id = }}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{Citation
| contribution = Kirkegaard...
| title = Grote Winkler Pri...
| editor-last = Winkler Pri...
| editor-first = Anthony
| editor-link = Anthony Win...
| volume = 9
| publisher = Elsevier
| date = 1882}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{Citation
| contribution = Kirkegaard, Ole Lund
| title = Grote Winkler Prins
| editor-last = Winkler Prins
| editor-first = Anthony
| editor-link = Anthony Winkler Prins
| volume = 9
| publisher = Elsevier
| date = 1882}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{Citation
| last = Kramer
| first = Martin
| author-link = Martin Kramer
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians ...
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| date = 1999
| contribution-url = http://...is.htm}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{Citation
| last = Kramer
| first = Martin
| author-link = Martin Kramer
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| date = 1999
| contribution-url = }}
<!--
****************************
 cite episode
****************************
-->
|-
! episode<br />(television or radio)
| {{tl|cite episode}}<br />'''title'''
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite episode
| title = 
| episode-link = 
| url = 
| series = 
| series-link = 
| credits = 
| network = 
| station = 
| air-date = 
| began = 
| ended = 
| season = 
| seriesno = 
| number = 
| minutes = 
| transcript = 
| transcript-url= }}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite episode
| title = BBC-TV Presents: ...
| episode-link = BBC Snooker World ...
| series = Wide World of Snooker
| series-link = Wide World of Snooker ...
| credits = Presenters: [[Dennis ...
| network = [[BBC]]
| station = [[BBC Two]]
| city = [[Sheffield]], ...
| air-date = 2008-04-27
| minutes = 2:34}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite episode
| title = BBC-TV Presents: The 2008 World Snooker Championship Live at The Crucible
| episode-link = BBC Snooker World Championship coverage (2008)
| series = Wide World of Snooker
| series-link = Wide World of Snooker (tv show)
| credits = Presenters: [[Dennis Taylor]] and [[Clive Everton]]
| network = [[BBC]]
| station = [[BBC Two]]
| location = [[Sheffield]], [[England]]
| air-date = 2008-04-27
| minutes = 2:34}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite episode
| title = Duet
| episode-link = Duet (Stargate Atlant...
| series = Stargate Atlantis
| series-link = Stargate Atlantis
| air-date = August 5, 2005
| season = 2
| number = 4}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite episode
| title = Duet
| episode-link = Duet (Stargate Atlantis)
| series = Stargate Atlantis
| series-link = Stargate Atlantis
| air-date = August 5, 2005
| season = 2
| number = 4}}
<!--
****************************
 cite mailing list
****************************
-->
|-
!mailing list
| {{tl|cite mailing list}}<br />'''title'''<br />'''url'''
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite mailing list
| last = 
| first = 
| author-link = 
| title = 
| mailing-list = 
| date = 
| url = 
| access-date = }}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite mailing list
| last=Murdock
| first=Ian
| author-link=Ian Murdock
| title=Debian GNU/Linux 0.9...
| mailing-list=debian-announce
| date=26 October 1995
| url=https://lists.debian.or...
| access-date =20 April 2007}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite mailing list
| last = Murdock
| first = Ian
| author-link = Ian Murdock
| title = Debian GNU/Linux 0.93 Release 6 now available
| mailing-list = debian-announce
| date = 26 October 1995
| url=https://lists.debian.org/debian-announce/1995/msg00007.html
| access-date =20 April 2007}}
<!--
****************************
 cite map
****************************
-->
|-
!map
| {{tl|cite map}}<br />'''author'''<br/>'''date''' (or '''year''')<br />'''title'''<br/>'''publisher'''
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite map
| author = 
| date = 
| title = 
| url = 
| publisher = 
| section = 
| access-date = }}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite map
| author=Kansas Departmen...
| date=2005
| title=Official State Trans...
| url=http://www.ksdot.org/b...
| edition=2005–2006
| location=Topeka
| publisher=Kansas Departmen...
| section=F9
| access-date=March 30, 2007}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite map
| author=Kansas Department of Transportation
| date=2005
| title=Official State Transportation Map
| url=http://www.ksdot.org/burtransplan/maps/state-pdf/kansas0708.pdf
| edition=2005–2006
| location=Topeka
| publisher=Kansas Department of Transportation
| section=F9
| access-date=March 30, 2007}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite map
| author1=Skelly Oil Company
| author2=Diversified Map Co
| date=1966
| title=Highway Map of Oklahoma
| scale=[1:1,500,000]
| location=St. Louis
| publisher=Diversified Map Co
| section=11C
| oclc=67708775}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite map
| author1=Skelly Oil Company
| author2=Diversified Map Co
| date=1966
| title=Highway Map of Oklahoma
| scale=[1:1,500,000]
| location=St. Louis
| publisher=Diversified Map Co
| section=11C
| oclc=67708775}}
<!--
********************************
 cite news
********************************
-->
|-
! rowspan = 2 | news article
| {{tl|cite news}}<br />'''title'''
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite news
| last = 
| first = 
| title = 
| newspaper = 
| location = 
| pages = 
| language = 
| publisher = 
| date = 
| url = 
| access-date = }}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite news
| last = Finn
| first = Gary
| title = What a growing lad needs is ...
| pages = 
| newspaper = The Independent
| location = London
| date = 31 August 1998
| url = https://www.independent.co.uk ...}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite news
| last = Finn
| first = Gary
| title = What a growing lad needs is a naughty book, says Blair
| pages = 
| newspaper = The Independent
| location = London
| date = 31 August 1998
| url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/what-a-growing-lad-needs-is-a-naughty-book-says-blair-1175187.html}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite news
| last = Andersen
| first = David
| last2 = Witter
| first2 = Lameen
| title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO...
| work = Marine Corps News
| date = 17 February 2006
| url = https://www.military.com/vet...
| access-date = 6 June 2006}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite news
| last = Andersen
| first = David
| last2 = Witter
| first2 = Lameen
| title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success
| work = Marine Corps News
| date = 17 February 2006
| url = https://www.military.com/veteran-jobs/career-advice/military-transition/veteran-ceo-of-go-daddy.html
| access-date = 6 June 2006}}
|-
| {{tl|Citation}}<br />'''newspaper''' (or '''magazine''', '''journal''', '''periodical''')
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{Citation
| last = 
| first = 
| author-link = 
| last2 = 
| first2 = 
| author-link2 = 
| title = 
| newspaper = 
| pages = 
| date = 
| year = 
| url = 
| archive-url = 
| archive-date = 
| access-date = }}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{Citation
| last = Finn
| first = Gary
| title = What a growing lad needs is ...
| pages = 
| newspaper = The Independent
| location = London
| date = 31 August 1998
| url = https://www.independent.co.uk ...
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web ...
| archive-date = 2010-03-06}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{Citation
| last = Finn
| first = Gary
| title = What a growing lad needs is a naughty book, says Blair
| pages = 
| newspaper = The Independent
| location = London
| date = 31 August 1998
| url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220409194416/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/what-a-growing-lad-needs-is-a-naughty-book-says-blair-1175187.html
| archive-url = http://www.webcitation.org/5o2QlSnnD
| archive-date = 2010-03-06}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{Citation
| last1 = Andersen | first1 = David
| last2 = Witter | first2 = Lameen
| title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO...
| newspaper = Marine Corps News
| date = 17 February 2006
| url = https://www.military.com/vet...
| access-date = 2 June 2006}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{Citation
| last1 = Andersen | first1 = David
| last2 = Witter | first2 = Lameen
| title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success
| newspaper = Marine Corps News
| date = 17 February 2006
| url = https://www.military.com/veteran-jobs/career-advice/military-transition/veteran-ceo-of-go-daddy.html
| access-date = 2 June 2006}}
<!--
*****************************
 cite newsgroup
*****************************
-->
|-
! newsgroup<br />posting<br />('''DO NOT'''<br />'''USE TO'''<br />'''[[WP:V|VERIFY]]''')
| {{tl|cite newsgroup}}<br />'''title'''
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite newsgroup
| title = 
| author = 
| date = 
| newsgroup = 
| id = 
| url = 
| access-date = }}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite newsgroup
| author = Gary S. Terhune
| title = Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del...
| date = January 11, 2004
| newsgroup = microsoft.pub...
| id = uAIVMjC2DHA.2336@TK2...
| url = https://groups.googl...
| access-date = May 16, 2006}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite newsgroup
| author = Gary S. Terhune
| title = Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del function on W98, 2nd
| date = January 11, 2004
| newsgroup = microsoft.public.win98.gen_discussion
| id = uAIVMjC2DHA.2336@TK2MSFTNGP09.phx.gbl
| url = https://groups.google.com/g/microsoft.public.win98.gen_discussion/c/u9q3ph_2q5M/m/-xerngvF8VQJ?pli=1
| access-date = May 16, 2006}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite newsgroup
| title = How can helping "Kids in Af...
| author = Trodel
| date = June 10, 2006
| newsgroup= humanities.philosophy.ob...
| id = 1149950890.204481.35810@h76g20...
| url = https://groups.google.com/g...
| access-date = July 3, 2006}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite newsgroup
| title = How can helping "Kids in Africa" be in my self interest
| author = Trodel
| date = June 10, 2006
| newsgroup = humanities.philosophy.objectivism
| id = 1149950890.204481.35810@h76g2000cwa.googlegroups.com
| url = https://groups.google.com/g/humanities.philosophy.objectivism/c/ef2e9BmRTy4
| access-date = July 3, 2006}}
<!--
******************************************************
 cite paper (deprecated, use cite journal)
******************************************************
-->
<!--
***************************
 cite patent
***************************
-->
|-
! patent
| {{tl|Cite patent}}<br />'''inventor-last'''
| style="vertical-align: top;"|
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite patent
| inventor-last = 
| inventor-first = 
| inventor-link = 
| inventor-last2 = 
| inventor-first2 = 
| inventor-link2 = 
| publication-date = 
| issue-date = 
| title = 
| country-code = 
| description = 
| patent-number = }}
</syntaxhighlight>
|<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite patent
| inventor-last1 = Degermark
| inventor-first1 = Mikael
| inventor-last2 = Brodnik
| inventor-first2 = Andrej
| inventor-last3 = Carlsson
| inventor-first3 = Svante
| inventor-last4 = Pink
| inventor-first4 = Stephen
| title = Fast routing lookup system
using complete prefix tree, bit vector,
and pointers in a routing table for
determining where to route IP datagrams
| issue-date = 2001
| patent-number = 6266706
| country-code = US}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite patent
| inventor-first1 = Mikael | inventor-last1 = Degermark
| inventor-first2 = Andrej | inventor-last2 = Brodnik
| inventor-first3 = Svante | inventor-last3 = Carlsson
| inventor-first4 = Stephen | inventor-last4 = Pink
| title = Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams
| issue-date = 2001
| patent-number = 6266706
| country-code = US}}
<!--
************************
 cite press release
************************
-->
|-
! press release
| {{tl|cite press release}}<br />'''title'''
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite press release
|last= 
|first= 
|date= 
|title= 
|url= 
|location= 
|publisher= 
|agency= 
|access-date=}}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite press release
|last=Roithmayr
|first=Mark
|date=February 5, 2007
|title=Autism Speaks ...
|url=http://autismspeaks.org...
|location=New York
|publisher=[[Autism Speaks]]
|access-date=November 19, 2007}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite press release
|last=Roithmayr
|first=Mark
|date=February 5, 2007
|title=Autism Speaks and Cure Autism Now Complete Merger
|url=http://autismspeaks.org/press/autism_speaks_can_complete.php
|location=New York
|publisher=[[Autism Speaks]]
|access-date=November 19, 2007}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite press release
|author=<!--Not stated-->
|title=Sprint 4G LTE Lights Up...
|url=http://newsroom.sprint.com...
|location=Overland Park, Kansas
|publisher=[[Sprint Nextel]]
|date=November 26, 2012
|access-date=November 28, 2012}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite press release |author=<!--Not stated--> |title=Sprint 4G LTE Lights Up in 11 New Cities and Counties in Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia |url=http://newsroom.sprint.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=2468 |location=Overland Park, Kansas |publisher=[[Sprint Nextel]] |date=November 26, 2012 |access-date=November 28, 2012}}
<!--
******************************
 cite AV media
******************************
-->
|-
! video<br />(movie, television production, documentary, etc.)
| {{tl|cite AV media}}<br />'''people'''<br />'''title'''
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite AV media
| people = 
| title = 
| medium = 
| publisher = 
| location = 
| date = 
| url = }}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite AV media
| people = Al-Issawi, Omar (Director)
| title = Harab libnan
| medium = Television production
| publisher = Al-Issawi, Om...
| location = Lebanon
| date = 2001}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite AV media
| people = Al-Issawi, Omar (Director)
| title = Harab libnan
| medium = Television production
| publisher = Al-Issawi, Omar
| location = Lebanon
| date = 2001}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite AV media
| people = Dick Cavett
| title = The Dick Cavett Show&nbsp;— Rock...
| medium = DVD
| publisher = Shout Factory
| date = 2005}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite AV media
| people = Dick Cavett
| title = The Dick Cavett Show&nbsp;— Rock Icons (1969)
| medium = DVD
| publisher = Shout Factory
| date = 2005}}
<!--
****************************
 cite video game
****************************
-->
|-
!video game
| {{tl|cite video game}}<br />'''title'''<br />'''developer'''
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite video game
| title = 
| developer = 
| publisher = 
| date = 
| platform = 
| version = 
| level = 
| language = 
| isolang = 
| quote = }}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite video game
| title=[[Halo 3]]
| developer= [[Bungie]]
| publisher=[[Microsoft Game Studios]]
| date=September 25, 2007
| platform=[[Xbox 360]]
| version=1.0
| level=The Storm
| language=English
| isolang= 
| quote='''Arbiter''': More Brutes? /...}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite video game
| title=[[Halo 3]]
| developer= [[Bungie]]
| publisher=[[Microsoft Game Studios]]
| date=September 25, 2007
| platform=[[Xbox 360]]
| version=1.0
| level=The Storm
| language=English
| isolang= 
| quote='''Arbiter''': More Brutes? / '''Master Chief''': Worse.}}
<!--
*******************************************************
 cite Wikidata
*******************************************************
-->
|-
! [[Wikidata]]
| {{tl|Cite Q}}<br />'''[[d:Wikidata:Glossary#QID|QID (Q number)]]'''
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite Q
| QID}}
</syntaxhighlight>
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto;">
{{cite Q|Q29396757}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{cite Q|Q29396757}}
|}
<!-- |10 |20 |30 |40 |50 |60 |70 |80-->
<!--Ref 1 end here(30 chars)->| |<-Ref 2 end there(40 chars) -->
----
<!--Other templates-->
* {{Tl|cite album-notes}}
* {{Tl|cite thesis}}

==Harvard reference and shortened footnote examples==
{{See also|Template:Harvard citation documentation}}

These templates automatically create a one-directional link to the first matching citation template on the same page. All of the following templates are supported: {{tl|citation}} · {{tl|cite book}} · {{tl|cite journal}} · {{tl|cite web}} · {{tl|cite conference}} · {{tl|cite encyclopedia}} · {{tl|cite mailing list}} · {{tl|cite news}} · {{tl|cite press release}} · {{tl|cite arXiv}} · {{tl|cite AV media}} (an up-to-date list is at [[Help:Citation Style 1]]). To use the links, the template must define {{para|surname}} (or {{para|last}}) and {{para|date}} (or {{para|year}}).

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" class="wikitable"
|-
! What to type
! What it makes
|- valign = "top"
| style="font-family:monospace;" |
* Article text.<nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:sfn|sfn]]<nowiki>|Turner|1851|pp=10–11}}</nowiki> (Shortened footnote template)
* Article text.<nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:sfn|sfn]]<nowiki>|Smith|1979|p=289}}</nowiki>
<nowiki>==Notes==</nowiki><br />
{{tl|reflist}}
|
* Article text.<sup id="A1t" class="reference">[[:#A1f|[1]]]</sup>
* Article text.<sup id="A2t" class="reference">[[:#A2f|[2]]]</sup>
{{Fake heading|Notes}}
{{refbegin}}
# <li id="A1f">'''[[#A1t|^]]'''{{Harvnb|Turner|1851|pp=10–11}}</li>
# <li id="A2f">'''[[#A2t|^]]'''{{Harvnb|Smith|1979|p=289}}</li>
{{refend}}
|- valign = "top"
|  style="font-family:monospace;" | Templates used within {{tag|ref}} tags or within the {{tl|efn}} family of templates:
* <nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Harvard citation/doc|Harvard citation]]<nowiki>|Turner|1851|pp=10–11}}</nowiki>
* <nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Harvard citation/doc|Harv]]<nowiki>|Smith|1879|p=289}}</nowiki> (default to parentheses around whole citation, for inline)
* <nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Harvard citation no brackets/doc|Harvnb]]<nowiki>|Johnson|1772|p=176}}</nowiki> (no brackets)
* <nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Harvard citation year brackets/doc|Harvp]]<nowiki>|Jones|1951|p=334}}</nowiki> (parentheses around date)
* <nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Harvard citation/doc|Harv]]<nowiki>|Lincoln|Washington|Adams|Johnson|2007|pp=88–89}}
</nowiki> (multi-author)
* <nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Harvard citation text|Harvtxt]]<nowiki>|Turner|1851}}</nowiki> asserts that&nbsp;... (author's name part of text)
|
* {{Harvard citation|Turner|1851|pp=10–11}}
* {{Harv|Smith|1879|p=289}}
* {{Harvnb|Johnson|1772|p=176}}
* {{Harvp|Jones|1951|p=334}}
* {{Harv|Lincoln|Washington|Adams|Johnson|2007|pp=88–89}}
* {{Harvtxt|Turner|1851}} asserts that&nbsp;...
|- valign = "top"
| style="font-family:monospace;" |
Three '''Harvcol''' templates are altered to use colons to indicate page numbers. These are also used within {{tag|ref}} tags or within the {{tl|efn}} family of templates:
* <nowiki> {{</nowiki>[[Template:Harvcol/doc|Harvcol]]<nowiki>|Turner|1851|pp=10–11}}</nowiki>
* <nowiki> {{</nowiki>[[Template:Harvcol/doc|Harvcol]]<nowiki>|Smith|1874|p=173}}</nowiki>
* <nowiki> {{</nowiki>[[Template:Harvcolnb/doc|Harvcolnb]]<nowiki>|Smith|1879|p=289}}</nowiki>
* <nowiki> {{</nowiki>[[Template:Harvcolnb/doc|Harvcolnb]]<nowiki>|Lincoln|Washington|Adams|Johnson|2007|pp=88–89}}</nowiki> 
* <nowiki> {{</nowiki>[[Template:Harvcoltxt/doc|Harvcoltxt]]<nowiki>|Blust|1999|p=40}}</nowiki> asserts that&nbsp;...
</nowiki>
|
'''Harvcol''' templates
* {{Harvcol|Turner|1851|pp=10–11}}
* {{Harvcol|Smith|1874|p=173}}
* {{Harvcolnb|Smith|1879|p=289}}
* {{Harvcolnb|Lincoln|Washington|Adams|Johnson|2007|pp=88–89}}
* {{Harvcoltxt|Blust|1999|p=40}} asserts that&nbsp;...
|}

==Variations==
Wikipedia does not dictate a particular way to insert citations into an article. As a result, there are multiple ways to structure citations in an article; multiple ways to insert individual citations; and multiple ways to link a short citation (e.g. {{harvnb|Turner|1851}}) with the full citation in the bibliography, when using a style that calls for short citations.

There are three primary ways to format individual full citations:
# By hand. These are simply typed directly; however, when using [[Help:Shortened footnotes|shortened footnotes]], each individual full citation can be surrounded with {{tl|wikicite}} to ensure that the appropriate shortened references are linked to the full references below.
# Using the {{cs1}} templates, such as {{tl|cite book}}, {{tl|cite web}}, {{tl|cite journal}}, or {{tl|cite news}}.
# Using the generic {{tl|Citation}} template.

The main differences between the generic {{tl|Citation}} template and the specific {{cs1}} templates are:
# The {{cs1}} templates produce citations with individual sections (e.g. title, author, publisher, etc.) separated by periods, with a trailing period, while {{tl|Citation}} separates sections with a comma and has no trailing punctuation. (However, this can be changed using the {{para|separator}} and {{para|postscript}} parameters.)
# Not all {{cs1}} templates can easily be replaced by the {{tl|Citation}} template. Generally, any {{cs1}} template of a general nature (e.g. book; web site; journal or newspaper article; article in an edited collection or encyclopedia; etc.) can be replaced, but specialized templates (court cases, comic books, video games, etc.) cannot very easily.
# Some of the parameter names differ. For example, citing an article in an edited collection uses the misnamed {{tl|cite encyclopedia}} template, with {{para|title}} for the article name and {{para|encyclopedia}} for the collection name; the equivalent parameters in {{tl|Citation}} are named {{code|contribution}} and {{code|title}}, respectively.

There are three ways to structure citations as a whole in an article (see [[Help:Citations quick reference]] for a tabular comparison of these three ways):
# [[Wikipedia:Footnotes|Footnotes]]. These simply place the citation inside of a {{tag|ref}} reference, which inserts a small bracketed, superscripted number. When clicked on, it links to a correspondingly-numbered footnote (more properly an [[endnote]]) placed elsewhere in the article. The footnotes themselves are inserted using {{tl|reflist}}, which is typically placed by itself in a ''Notes'' (or ''References'') section near the end of the article. When there are multiple references to the same citation, typing can be saved by using <code>&lt;ref name="foo"&gt;...&lt;/ref&gt;</code> the first time, and just <code>&lt;ref name="foo"/&gt;</code> elsewhere. When there are citations that differ only in page number, there are two alternatives: write all the citations out in full, including the page number, or use one citation without page numbers along with the {{tl|rp}} template to add an inline page number after the small bracketed footnote number.
# [[Help:List-defined references|Footnotes with list-defined references]]. All inline citations take the form <code>&lt;ref name="foo"/&gt;</code>. The reference list at the end of the article is a list of full citations, each of which takes the form <code>&lt;ref name="foo"&gt;...&lt;/ref&gt;</code>, all of which are surrounded by <code>&lt;references&gt;...&lt;/references&gt;</code>.
# [[Help:Shortened footnotes|Shortened footnotes]]. Instead of the full citation appearing in the footnote, a short form appears (e.g. {{harvnb|Turner|1851}}), giving only the author and year (or in some styles, a shortened version of the article or book title), and page number if appropriate. The full citation appears later on, in a bibliography section. This usually follows directly after the footnotes, is titled "References" or "Bibliography", and contains all relevant citations, listed in (typically) alphabetical order. This style is especially appropriate when there are large numbers of references overall and frequent cases of multiple references to the same work, especially in the presence of differing page numbers.

When using shortened footnotes, there are three ways to link the short and full references:
# Insert manual links. These look like e.g. <code><nowiki><ref>[[#CITEREFPereira2006|Pereira 2006, p. 25]]</ref></nowiki></code>. If a citation template is used for the full reference, the anchor (e.g. <code>#CITEREFPereira2006</code>) is automatically attached to the full reference; if the full reference is typed by hand, surround the reference with {{tl|wikicite}} to attach the anchor to it.
# Insert links using a [[Template:Harvard citation documentation|Harvard citation template]], e.g. <code><nowiki><ref>See, for example: {{Harvnb|Pereira|2006|p=25}}</ref></nowiki></code>. This will insert a footnote into the text and link it to the citation with the corresponding last name and year. Other variations of the Harvard citation templates format the short citation differently.
# Use the {{tlx|sfn}} template for the whole of the footnote. The {{tlx|sfn}} template creates its own named {{tag|ref}} tags: {{tlx|sfn|Pereira|2006|4=p=25}} is exactly equivalent to {{tag|ref|content=<nowiki>[[#CITEREFPereira2006|Pereira 2006]]</nowiki>, p.&nbsp;25.|params=name=FOOTNOTEPereira200625}} which is itself equivalent to {{tag|ref|content={{tlx|Harvnb|Pereira|2006|4=p=25}}|params=name=FOOTNOTEPereira200625}}.

See also [[WP:Footnotes]] and [[WP:Citing sources]] for general information, and [[WP:CITEX]] for specific examples of exactly how to write the code for various combinations of the above styles.

==Discussing citations on talk pages==
When citations are brought to talk pages, noticeboards and other discussions, follow the group of citations, or the text you have added, with {{tl|Reflist-talk}}.
{{pre|<nowiki>{{Reflist-talk}}</nowiki>}}
This template places the citations in their own box under the bold header '''References''' at the position where the template was inserted; otherwise the citations (and any others in the talk page) will be listed at the end of the talk page, below all sections. The resulting reference box does not appear in the table of contents.

==See also==
{{Sidebar
| class = wikitable plainlinks
| width = auto
| titlestyle = background:#dadde3;padding:0.2em;
| title =[[Help:Citation tools|Citation tools]]
| contentclass = plainlist
| contentstyle = padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.6em;
| belowstyle = background:  #eaecf0;padding:0.1em 0;
| headingstyle = background: #eaecf0;padding:0.1em 0;
|heading2=
|content2=
*'''[https://citer.toolforge.org/ Citer]'''
*[http://sumsearch.org/cite/ Biomedical cite]
*'''[https://tools.wmflabs.org/citations/ Citation bot]'''
*[https://tools.wmflabs.org/dupdet/ Dup detector]
*[https://tools.wmflabs.org/makeref/ MakeRef]
*'''[https://refill.toolforge.org/ng/ Refill]'''
*[https://archive.org/ WayBack]
*[[m:Web2Cit|Web2Cit]]
}}
* [[Wikipedia:Template index/Sources of articles]] for templates about citation-related problems in articles
*[[Help:Citation merging]] for [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#Bundling citations|bundling multiple citations]] into a single footnote
* [[Wikipedia:How to avoid duplicated citations]]{{-}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

{{Wikipedia referencing}}
{{Wikipedia help pages}}
{{Wikipedia technical help|collapsed}}
<noinclude>
[[Category:Citation templates| ]]
[[Category:Wikipedia template help]]
</noinclude>