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<noinclude>{{pp|small=yes}}
{{#ifeq:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:Yesno|{{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext]]}}|{{high-use}}}}{{cascade-protected template}}
</noinclude>{{used in system}}
{{Documentation subpage}}
{{Module rating|protected}}
<!-- Place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) -->
{{cascade-protected template|page=module}}
{{Template shortcut|yn}}
This module provides a consistent interface for processing boolean or boolean-style string input. While Lua allows the <code>true</code> and <code>false</code> boolean values, wikicode templates can only express boolean values through strings such as "yes", "no", etc. This module processes these kinds of strings and turns them into boolean input for Lua to process. It also returns <code>nil</code> values as <code>nil</code>, to allow for distinctions between <code>nil</code> and <code>false</code>. The module also accepts other Lua structures as input, i.e. booleans, numbers, tables, and functions. If it is passed input that it does not recognise as boolean or <code>nil</code>, it is possible to specify a default value to return.
{{tlx|Yesno}} (or {{tlg|YesNo|nolink=on|code=on}}) evaluates any input and produces a normalized <samp>yes</samp> or nil output, based on the content of the input and several configurable options. It is not used in article prose, but in coding complex templates.
 
== Syntax ==
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">yesno(value, default)</syntaxhighlight>
 
<code>value</code> is the value to be tested. Boolean input or boolean-style input (see below) always evaluates to either <code>true</code> or <code>false</code>, and <code>nil</code> always evaluates to <code>nil</code>. Other values evaluate to <code>default</code>.


== Usage ==
== Usage ==
The template distinguishes five different types of input, supplied on the first unnamed parameter:
# '''Yes''': Case-insensitive forms of <code>Yes</code>, <code>y</code>, <code>true</code>, <code>on</code>, and <code>1</code>; e.g. {{tlx|Yesno|yEs}} &rarr; {{Yesno|yEs}}
# '''No''': Case-insensitive forms of <code>No</code>, <code>n</code>, <code>false</code>, <code>off</code>, and <code>0</code>; e.g. {{tlx|Yesno|nO}} &rarr; {{Yesno|nO}}
# '''Nothing''': When the input is defined but either contains no value or consists of [[whitespace character]] only; i.e. <code><nowiki>{{Yesno|}}</nowiki></code> or {{tlx|Yesno|&nbsp;}} &rarr; {{Yesno|}}
# '''Negation''': When the input is either <code>¬</code> ([[alt code]] [https://www.rapidtables.com/code/text/alt-codes.html 170]) or entirely missing; i.e. {{tlx|Yesno|¬}} or {{tlx|Yesno}} &rarr; {{Yesno|¬}}
# '''Anything else''': e.g. {{tlx|Yesno|Purple monkey dish washer}} &rarr; {{Yesno|Purple monkey dish washer}}


First, load the module. Note that it can only be loaded from other Lua modules, not from normal wiki pages. For normal wiki pages you can use {{tl|yesno}} instead.
By default, the template returns "yes" in the first and last case but returns nil (blank, empty string) in the other cases.
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
local yesno = require('Module:Yesno')
</syntaxhighlight>
 
Some input values always return <code>true</code>, and some always return <code>false</code>. <code>nil</code> values always return <code>nil</code>.
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
-- These always return true:
yesno('yes')
yesno('y')
yesno('true')
yesno('t')
yesno('on')
yesno('1')
yesno(1)
yesno(true)
 
-- These always return false:
yesno('no')
yesno('n')
yesno('false')
yesno('f')
yesno('off')
yesno('0')
yesno(0)
yesno(false)
 
-- A nil value always returns nil:
yesno(nil)
yesno()
</syntaxhighlight>


String values are converted to lower case before they are matched:
Two short-hand templates for the most common uses that override the default behavior:
* {{tlx|yesno-yes}} or {{tlg|YesNo-Yes|nolink=on|code=on}} – always returns "yes" (or the specified replacement result in {{para|yes}}) unless an explicit negative value is given; i.e., it evaluates to "yes" even when the value is empty or missing.
* {{tlx|yesno-no}} or {{tlg|YesNo-No|nolink=on|code=on}} – always returns "no" (or the specified replacement result in {{para|no}}) unless an explicit positive value is given; i.e., it evaluates to "no" even when the value is present, as long as it does not contain anything that resolves to "yes".


<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
===Customizing the output===
-- These always return true:
Template's default output can be customized with five named parameters, respectively: {{para|yes}}, {{para|no}}, {{para|blank}}, {{para|¬}} and {{para|def}}. If these parameters are specified, the template response is as follows:
yesno('Yes')
# '''Yes''': Template returns the contents of {{para|yes}}, otherwise returns "yes". For example:
yesno('YES')
#* {{tlx|yesno|y|3=yes=Yeah}} results in "{{yesno|y|yes=Yeah}}"
yesno('yEs')
#* {{tlx|yesno|y|3=yes=bacon}}  results in "{{yesno|y|yes=bacon}}"
yesno('Y')
# '''No''': Template returns the contents of {{para|no}}, otherwise returns blank. For example:
yesno('tRuE')
#* {{tlx|yesno|n|3=no=Nay}} results in "{{yesno|n|no=Nay}}"
#* {{tlx|yesno|n|3=no=ham}} results in "{{yesno|n|no=ham}}"
# '''Nothing''': Template returns the contents of {{para|blank}}, or of {{para|no}} in absence of the former; otherwise, returns blank.
#* {{tlx|yesno||3=blank=eggs}} results in "{{yesno||blank=eggs}}"
#* {{tlx|yesno||3=no=ham}} results in "{{yesno||no=ham}}"
#* {{tlx|yesno||3=blank=eggs|4=no=ham}} results in "{{yesno||blank=eggs|no=ham}}"
# '''Negation''': Template returns the contents of {{para|¬}}, otherwise returns blank. For example:
#* {{tlx|yesno|¬|3=¬=sausage}} results in "{{yesno|¬|¬=sausage}}"
# '''Anything else''': Template returns the contents of {{para|def}}, or of {{para|yes}} in absence of the former; otherwise, returns "yes".
#* {{tlx|yesno|purple monkey dish washer|3=def=cup of tea}} results in "{{yesno|purple monkey dish washer|def=cup of tea}}"
#* {{tlx|yesno|purple monkey dish washer|3=yes=bacon}} results in "{{yesno|purple monkey dish washer|yes=bacon}}"
#* {{tlx|yesno|purple monkey dish washer|3=def=cup of tea|4=yes=bacon}} results in "{{yesno|purple monkey dish washer|def=cup of tea|yes=bacon}}"


-- These always return false:
For the named parameters, use of a blank value is not the same as omitting the parameter. A blank named parameter tells the template that the customized return value is blank. For example:
yesno('No')
* {{tlx|yesno|purple monkey dish washer}} results in "{{yesno|purple monkey dish washer}}"
yesno('NO')
* {{tlx|yesno|purple monkey dish washer|3=def=}} results in "{{yesno|purple monkey dish washer|def=}}" {{var|[blank]}}
yesno('nO')
yesno('N')
yesno('fALsE')
</syntaxhighlight>


===Undefined input ('foo')===
===Logical distinctions===
You can specify a default value if yesno receives input other than that listed above. If you don't supply a default, the module will return <code>nil</code> for these inputs.


<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:left; width:100%;"
-- These return nil:
|-
yesno(nil)
! colspan=7 style="background:#d0d0d0;" | Overview of {{tlx|yesno}} ''logical values'' and their associated texts
yesno('foo')
|- style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top; font-weight:bold; background:#e8e8e8;"
yesno({})
| Input<br />parameter 1<br />({{code|1=1=}})
yesno(5)
| In code
yesno('')
| Logical return value
yesno(function() return 'This is a function.' end)
| Default<br />return text
yesno(nil, true)
|
yesno(nil, 'bar')
| Return text when set:<br />{{code|1=yes=Pos}}<br />{{code|1=no=Neg}}<br />{{code|1=blank=Blank}}<br />{{code|1=¬=Undefined}}<br />{{code|1=def=Def}}
| Note
|-
| yes, y, true, 1*
| {{code|1=<nowiki>{{yesno|yes}}</nowiki>}}
| {{nowrap|{{code|yes by definition}}}}
| "{{yesno|yes}}"
|
| "{{yesno|yes|yes=Pos|no=Neg|blank=Blank|¬=Undefined|def=Def}}"
| <nowiki>*</nowiki> Case-insensitive (Y=y)
|-
| {{nowrap|Some Text}}
| {{nowrap|{{code|1=<nowiki>{{yesno|Some Text}}</nowiki>}}}}
| {{code|yes by default}}
| "{{yesno|Some Text}}"
|
| "{{yesno|Some Text|yes=Pos|no=Neg|blank=Blank|¬=Undefined|def=Def}}"
| "{{yesno|Some Text|yes=Pos|no=Neg|blank=Blank|¬=Undefined}}" when {{nowrap|1=<code>def={{var|[omitted]}}</code>}}
|-
| no, n, false, 0*
| {{code|1=<nowiki>{{yesno|no}}</nowiki>}}
| {{code|no by definition}}
| "{{yesno|no}}" {{var|[blank]}}
|
| "{{yesno|no|yes=Pos|no=Neg|blank=Blank|¬=Undefined|def=Def}}"
| <nowiki>*</nowiki> Case-insensitive (N=n)
|-
| {{var|[blank]}}
| {{code|1=<nowiki>{{yesno|}}</nowiki>}}
| {{code|blank}}
| "{{yesno|1=}}" {{var|[blank]}}
|
| "{{yesno||yes=Pos|no=Neg|blank=Blank|¬=Undefined|def=Def}}"
| "{{yesno||yes=Pos|no=Neg|¬=Undefined|def=Def}}" when {{nowrap|1=<code>blank={{var|[omitted]}}</code>}}
|-
| 1={{var|[blank]}}
| {{code|1=<nowiki>{{yesno|1=}}</nowiki>}}
| {{code|blank}}
| "{{yesno|1=}}" {{var|[blank]}}
|
| "{{yesno|1=|yes=Pos|no=Neg|blank=Blank|¬=Undefined|def=Def}}"
| "{{yesno|1=|yes=Pos|no=Neg|¬=Undefined|def=Def}}" when {{nowrap|1=<code>blank={{var|[omitted]}}</code>}}
|-
| ¬
| {{code|1=<nowiki>{{yesno|¬}}</nowiki>}}
| {{code|¬}}
| "{{yesno|¬}}" {{var|[blank]}}
|
| "{{yesno|¬|yes=Pos|no=Neg|blank=Blank|¬=Undefined|def=Def}}"
|
|-
| {{var|[omitted]}}
| {{code|1=<nowiki>{{yesno}}</nowiki>}}
| {{code|¬}}
| "{{yesno}}" {{var|[blank]}}
|
| "{{yesno|yes=Pos|no=Neg|blank=Blank|¬=Undefined|def=Def}}"
|
|}


-- These return true:
{| class="wikitable"
yesno('foo', true)
|-
yesno({}, true)
! colspan="4" style="background:#d0d0d0;" | Comparison with related templates
yesno(5, true)
|- style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top; font-weight:bold; background:#e8e8e8;"
yesno('', true)
| Input parameter 1 ({{code|1=1=}})
yesno(function() return 'This is a function.' end, true)
| {{tl|yesno}}
| {{tl|yesno-yes}}
| {{tl|yesno-no}}
|-
| yes, y, true, 1*
| "{{yesno|yes}}"
| "{{yesno-yes|yes}}"
| "{{yesno-no|yes}}"
|-
| {{nowrap|Some Text}}
| "{{yesno|Some Text}}"
| "{{yesno-yes|Some Text}}"
| "{{yesno-no|Some Text}}"
|-
| no, n, false, 0*
| "{{yesno|no}}" {{var|[blank]}}
| "{{yesno-yes|no}}"
| "{{yesno-no|no}}"
|-
| {{var|[blank]}}
| "{{yesno|1=}}" {{var|[blank]}}
| "{{yesno-yes|1=}}"
| "{{yesno-no|1=}}"
|-
| 1={{var|[blank]}}
| "{{yesno|1=}}" {{var|[blank]}}
| "{{yesno-yes|1=}}"
| "{{yesno-no|1=}}"
|-
| ¬
| "{{yesno|¬}}" {{var|[blank]}}
| "{{yesno-yes|¬}}"
| "{{yesno-no|¬}}"
|-
| {{var|[omitted]}}
| "{{yesno}}" {{var|[blank]}}
| "{{yesno-yes}}"
| "{{yesno-no}}"
|}


-- These return "bar":
== Full parameter list ==
yesno('foo', 'bar')
Unnamed parameter 1= the input value to be evaluated. The other parameters (all named, all optional), are the ''return values'' for their respective logical outcome. When set, each one overrules their ''default return value''.
yesno({}, 'bar')
yesno(5, 'bar')
yesno('', 'bar')
yesno(function() return 'This is a function.' end, 'bar')
</syntaxhighlight>


Although the empty string usually evaluates to false in wikitext, it evaluates to true in Lua. This module prefers the Lua behaviour over the wikitext behaviour. If treating the empty string as false is important for your module, you will need to convert empty strings to a value that evaluates to false before passing them to this module. In the case of arguments received from wikitext, this can be done by using [[Module:Arguments]].
{{tj|yesno
  | Input value
  | yes: Output on yes
  | no: Output on no
  | blank: Output on blank input
  | ¬: Output on ¬
  | def: Definite output
}}


===Handling nil results===
== See also ==
By definition:
* {{unichar|AC|NOT SIGN|html=}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
* [[Module:yesno]]
yesno(nil)        -- Returns nil.
* {{tlx|Yesno-yes}} – variant of Yesno that defaults to "yes" if value is not explicitly negative
yesno('foo')      -- Returns nil.
* {{tlx|Yesno-no}} – variant of Yesno that defaults to "no" if value is not explicitly positive
yesno(nil, true)  -- Returns nil.
yesno(nil, false)  -- Returns nil.
yesno('foo', true) -- Returns true.
</syntaxhighlight>


To get the binary <syntaxhighlight lang="lua" inline>true/false</syntaxhighlight>-only values, use code like:
== TemplateData ==
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
{{TemplateData header}}
myvariable = yesno(value or false) -- When value is nil, result is false.
<templatedata>
myvariable = yesno(value or true) -- When value is nil, result is true. (XXX: when value is false, result is true...)
{
myvariable = yesno('foo') or false  -- Unknown string returns nil, result is false.
"description": "This template normalises an input to be a yes or nil output.",
myvariable = yesno('foo', true) or false  -- Default value (here: true) applies, result is true.
"params": {
</syntaxhighlight>
"1": {
"label": "Input value",
"description": "The value to be evaluated",
"type": "string",
"suggested": true
},
"yes": {
"label": "Output on yes",
"description": "Specifies the output of the template when the input value is a case-insensitive forms of 'Yes', 'Y', 'True' or '1'",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"no": {
"label": "Output on no",
"description": "Specifies the output of the template when the input value is a case-insensitive forms of 'No', 'N', 'False, or '0'",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"blank": {
"label": "Output on blank input",
"description": "Specifies the output of the template when the input value is defined but is either empty or contains nothing but whitespace character(s)",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"¬": {
"label": "Output on ¬",
"description": "Specifies the output of the template when the input value is either '¬' (negation) or entirely missing (undefined)",
"type": "string",
"required": false
},
"def": {
"label": "Definite output",
"description": "Specifies the output of the template when the input value is defined but not a form of 'yes', 'no', '1', '0', '¬' or blank",
"type": "string",
"required": false
}
}
}
</templatedata>


Better suggestions:
<includeonly>{{Sandbox other||
<syntaxhighlight lang="lua">
local myvariable = yesno(value)
if myvariable == nil then -- value is nil or an unrecognized string
    myvariable = true
end


-- more efficient when value is nil, but more verbose
<!----CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE, PLEASE:---->
-- (note the default result has to be written twice)
[[Category:If-then-else templates]]
local myvariable
if value == nil then
    myvariable = true
else
    myvariable = yesno(value, true)
end
</syntaxhighlight><!--


--><includeonly>{{sandbox other||
[[Category:Lua metamodules]]
}}</includeonly>
}}</includeonly>
<noinclude>
[[Category:Module documentation pages]]
</noinclude>

Latest revision as of 09:51, 25 May 2025

{{Yesno}} (or {{YesNo}}) evaluates any input and produces a normalized yes or nil output, based on the content of the input and several configurable options. It is not used in article prose, but in coding complex templates.

Usage

The template distinguishes five different types of input, supplied on the first unnamed parameter:

  1. Yes: Case-insensitive forms of Yes, y, true, on, and 1; e.g. {{Yesno|yEs}} → yes
  2. No: Case-insensitive forms of No, n, false, off, and 0; e.g. {{Yesno|nO}}
  3. Nothing: When the input is defined but either contains no value or consists of whitespace character only; i.e. {{Yesno|}} or {{Yesno| }}
  4. Negation: When the input is either ¬ (alt code 170) or entirely missing; i.e. {{Yesno|¬}} or {{Yesno}}
  5. Anything else: e.g. {{Yesno|Purple monkey dish washer}} → yes

By default, the template returns "yes" in the first and last case but returns nil (blank, empty string) in the other cases.

Two short-hand templates for the most common uses that override the default behavior:

  • {{yesno-yes}} or {{YesNo-Yes}} – always returns "yes" (or the specified replacement result in |yes=) unless an explicit negative value is given; i.e., it evaluates to "yes" even when the value is empty or missing.
  • {{yesno-no}} or {{YesNo-No}} – always returns "no" (or the specified replacement result in |no=) unless an explicit positive value is given; i.e., it evaluates to "no" even when the value is present, as long as it does not contain anything that resolves to "yes".

Customizing the output

Template's default output can be customized with five named parameters, respectively: |yes=, |no=, |blank=, |¬= and |def=. If these parameters are specified, the template response is as follows:

  1. Yes: Template returns the contents of |yes=, otherwise returns "yes". For example:
    • {{yesno|y|yes=Yeah}} results in "Yeah"
    • {{yesno|y|yes=bacon}} results in "bacon"
  2. No: Template returns the contents of |no=, otherwise returns blank. For example:
    • {{yesno|n|no=Nay}} results in "Nay"
    • {{yesno|n|no=ham}} results in "ham"
  3. Nothing: Template returns the contents of |blank=, or of |no= in absence of the former; otherwise, returns blank.
    • {{yesno|blank=eggs}} results in "eggs"
    • {{yesno|no=ham}} results in "ham"
    • {{yesno|blank=eggs|no=ham}} results in "eggs"
  4. Negation: Template returns the contents of |¬=, otherwise returns blank. For example:
    • {{yesno|¬|¬=sausage}} results in "sausage"
  5. Anything else: Template returns the contents of |def=, or of |yes= in absence of the former; otherwise, returns "yes".
    • {{yesno|purple monkey dish washer|def=cup of tea}} results in "cup of tea"
    • {{yesno|purple monkey dish washer|yes=bacon}} results in "bacon"
    • {{yesno|purple monkey dish washer|def=cup of tea|yes=bacon}} results in "cup of tea"

For the named parameters, use of a blank value is not the same as omitting the parameter. A blank named parameter tells the template that the customized return value is blank. For example:

  • {{yesno|purple monkey dish washer}} results in "yes"
  • {{yesno|purple monkey dish washer|def=}} results in "" [blank]

Logical distinctions

Overview of {{yesno}} logical values and their associated texts
Input
parameter 1
(<syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">1=</syntaxhighlight>)
In code Logical return value Default
return text
Return text when set:
<syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">yes=Pos</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">no=Neg</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">blank=Blank</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">¬=Undefined</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">def=Def</syntaxhighlight>
Note
yes, y, true, 1* <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">{{yesno|yes}}</syntaxhighlight> <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">yes by definition</syntaxhighlight> "yes" "Pos" * Case-insensitive (Y=y)
Some Text <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">{{yesno|Some Text}}</syntaxhighlight> <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">yes by default</syntaxhighlight> "yes" "Def" "Pos" when def=[omitted]
no, n, false, 0* <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">{{yesno|no}}</syntaxhighlight> <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">no by definition</syntaxhighlight> "" [blank] "Neg" * Case-insensitive (N=n)
[blank] <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">{{yesno|}}</syntaxhighlight> <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">blank</syntaxhighlight> "" [blank] "Blank" "Neg" when blank=[omitted]
1=[blank] <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">{{yesno|1=}}</syntaxhighlight> <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">blank</syntaxhighlight> "" [blank] "Blank" "Neg" when blank=[omitted]
¬ <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">{{yesno|¬}}</syntaxhighlight> <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">¬</syntaxhighlight> "" [blank] "Undefined"
[omitted] <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">{{yesno}}</syntaxhighlight> <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">¬</syntaxhighlight> "" [blank] "Undefined"
Comparison with related templates
Input parameter 1 (<syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">1=</syntaxhighlight>) {{yesno}} {{yesno-yes}} {{yesno-no}}
yes, y, true, 1* "yes" "yes" "yes"
Some Text "yes" "yes" "no"
no, n, false, 0* "" [blank] "no" "no"
[blank] "" [blank] "yes" "no"
1=[blank] "" [blank] "yes" "no"
¬ "" [blank] "yes" "no"
[omitted] "" [blank] "yes" "no"

Full parameter list

Unnamed parameter 1= the input value to be evaluated. The other parameters (all named, all optional), are the return values for their respective logical outcome. When set, each one overrules their default return value.

{{yesno
| Input value
| yes = Output on yes
| no = Output on no
| blank = Output on blank input
| ¬ = Output on ¬
| def = Definite output
}}

See also

  • U+00AC ¬ NOT SIGN (&not;)
  • Module:yesno
  • {{Yesno-yes}} – variant of Yesno that defaults to "yes" if value is not explicitly negative
  • {{Yesno-no}} – variant of Yesno that defaults to "no" if value is not explicitly positive

TemplateData

This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. See a monthly parameter usage report for Template:Yesno in articles based on its TemplateData.

TemplateData for Yesno

This template normalises an input to be a yes or nil output.

Template parameters

ParameterDescriptionTypeStatus
Input value1

The value to be evaluated

Stringsuggested
Output on yesyes

Specifies the output of the template when the input value is a case-insensitive forms of 'Yes', 'Y', 'True' or '1'

Stringoptional
Output on nono

Specifies the output of the template when the input value is a case-insensitive forms of 'No', 'N', 'False, or '0'

Stringoptional
Output on blank inputblank

Specifies the output of the template when the input value is defined but is either empty or contains nothing but whitespace character(s)

Stringoptional
Output on ¬¬

Specifies the output of the template when the input value is either '¬' (negation) or entirely missing (undefined)

Stringoptional
Definite outputdef

Specifies the output of the template when the input value is defined but not a form of 'yes', 'no', '1', '0', '¬' or blank

Stringoptional